Skinner’s Use of Metaphor in Explaining the Behaviorism...

Skinner’s Use of Metaphor in Explaining the Behaviorism of Walden Two B. F. Skinner revolutionized the field of psychology through his numerous writings on behaviorism. However, he began his collegiate life as an English major, and his education in literary techniques and devices clearly shows through in the manipulation of metaphor in his famous novel Walden Two. Although Skinner rarely diverges from the incessant description of behavioral engineering through his mouthpiece in the novel, Frazier, he occasionally digresses from the theory and application of scientific experimentation to the literary elements that are essential to any novel. One of these elements, the metaphor of the sheep that appears at the beginning and†¦show more content†¦The novel, an exposition of behaviorist thought, is almost a Socratic dialogue with Frazier acting as the famed questioning philosopher and Castle as the ignorant pupil, through which the superiority of behavioral engineering is eventually proven. Although Castle leaves disenchanted with w hat he considers a fascist ideology, Burris eventually succumbs to the appeal of Walden Two and participates in Frazier’s experiment of humanity. Although these crucial ideas might overshadow the literary merits of Walden Two, Skinner the English major understood the importance of every minor detail and digression from the main narrative. The sheep, which serve no purpose to the plot of the story, illustrate Skinner’s behaviorist ideas through metaphor. The sheep benefit the community in a superficial sense by acting as a more efficient lawnmower, requiring only the work of moving a portable fence. Although once electrocuted, the fence is now just string, and the only other restraint is a sheepdog, the Bishop, which guards the sheep watchfully. This idea works on a deeper level to help Skinner relate his scientific ideas to literary ones. As Frazier expounds upon the

A Successful Revolution, Strong And Perspicacious Leadership

There are many different factors that make up a successful revolution, strong and perspicacious leadership (such as Girolamo Savonarola in Florence 1494), a universal set of grievances and demands and the ability to identify the weaknesses of the state (such as in the case of the Paris commune). However, perhaps the most important factor in deciding the fate of a revolution is the location. Logically, the ideal setting for a revolution is an urban area, with a dense population to allow the opportunity to quickly round up supporters, a small surface area so that no supporters have to travel further than they are willing to, nice wide streets to create the opportunity to demonstrate and protest in great numbers therefore increasing the effect of mob mentality which can be crucial to any revolution, and of course, a target. A building or person for the people to attack, be that a parliamentary building, a leader’s fortress or the leader themselves. That’s not to say revolu tions cannot begin in rural areas, however, these generally begin in these areas by quietly drumming up support before moving to a major or capital city. The most obvious example of this being the Cuban revolution, which moved from one country to another before it had truly begun. Of all of these geographical factors perhaps the most important of them is the target, the building or person that the revolution will make the enemy and focus its energy against. Without something for the rebels to attack, thereShow MoreRelatedThe Bolshevik Tactics that Allowed the October Revolution1796 Words   |  7 Pageswas mainly the tactics of the Bolshevik leadership that made possible the October Revolution. INTRO: It was undoubtedly the Bolshevik leadership that made possible the revolution. It was the excellent combination of Trotsky’s rhetoric, rallying and inspiring personality, Lenin’s astute ability to judge the political mien and the whole party’s force and power within the country that led to superb tactics that would eventually make possible the October Revolution. Most modern historians agree that the

Knowing Your Audience Free Essays

Knowing the people in your audience can play a big part on the workmanship of your communication with them. I have noticed that just because someone has good communication skills does not mean they will do well when it comes to presentations because of the variety of people they will be talking to. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowing Your Audience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over all the years that I have been going to seminars for work purposes, I have noticed that all of the presenters have done it differently but they have all been affective. Anyone presenter can improve their presentation skills by giving him or herself time to discover and research their audience before they start their seminar. The presenter should start by knowing who will attend, and what the audience is expecting to get from the presentation, once the presenter has this information they can start preparing for their speech.(Kettenkofen, 2006) Other than rehearsing for your presentation, nothing will improve your skills more than knowing the details about your audience. There are many things to consider when someone is trying to get to know their audience. Some characteristics that I look for are male or female, age of the people, level of education, attitude, expertise of topic, cultural background, and even the geographical location (Kurtus, 2005). The presenter will need to know the percentage of males to females and the average age of his or her audience; this will help them pinpoint the audiences over time. The level of educational background within the audience makes a big difference as well does the expertise of the topic the audience already may know. Knowing if the audience has an educational background will change the way the presenter should talk to them, whether to speak to them as they would a friend or as they would to a professional businessperson. If the people in this audience want to be there at the seminar or it is something required by their employer or their position, can change the attitude and how the presenter will want to c ome across. The most important characteristic to me would be the geographical location of the presentation compared to the geographical location of the people in the audience. It will change the cultural background more than people may think. The best ways to help the presenter find out about the characteristics of their audience would be using communication channels. They could start by mingling with the  people before the presentation starts, that way they get to know some of the people and their personalities. As a presenter, I like to start with three different types of jokes and see what the people in the audience react to best, such as political, silly, or straight liners and go from there. Beware of the diversity of the audience. Beings there are so many different types of people in this world; you need to be careful of what you might say. There are techniques that presenters can use to get the people in his or her audience to warm up to him or her. The person speaking would want to start by promoting him or herself. Once the audience feels comfortable the presenter will know more about the people in the audience, and that will help with how to present. There are people in this world that take things to heart faster than others do. As presenters, we need to be careful of these people so we do not offend them, because if you do the presentation will only get harder from there. Once the person giving the information has recognized his or her audience, they will want to ensure that they come up with the perfect way to get the information across. Just like everything else, they are different ways to go about this. Some of these are to use interacting, PowerPoint, handouts, or just talking with no other material. I personally like to start with a PowerPoint presentation; depending on the information I got about my audience, I would use graphs showing progress. Giving information to your superiors (management and stakeholders) or customers, you always want plenty of detail so you can answer any question that you think might come up, and try to answer it in your PowerPoint before it is asked. Within the PowerPoint, I would put few bullet points but have plenty to talk about with each bullet point. Everyone wants to see the progress whether it is within the company or with the product that they are buying. Charts are a way to make sure the audience is watching the PowerPoint; most people do well with visual information and they will understand it better. The recommendations that I would give any person expected to give a presentation or even write a paper, would be to know the audience and know it well. Most people I talk to about this, tell me that they know the people they will be giving the presentation to. What they do not understand is just because they know who the people are; have they done their research on how the people interact wit h information. There is a difference in knowing someone and knowing how to present towards those  people. Every time that I have to give a speech, I am usually not the first person to talk to the audience. What I do is sit aside the audience and watch how they are interacting with the speaker as he or she talks. I then readjust my information to coincide with what is working best with the audience, which is present. What we need to realize is that we need not to panic when giving our presentation. Note that anything can be changed wants we have figured out our audience, whether it is the order of the information or the depth that we go into on each point, etc. Practice is well needed in anything we do, but knowing how to play the game makes you the player that you are. So practice your writing and speech, but know your audience and you will conquer. How to cite Knowing Your Audience, Papers Knowing Your Audience Free Essays Running head: KNOWING YOUR AUDIENCE Knowing Your Audience Name BCOM/275 Teacher Knowing Your Audience On August 5, 2010, a small copper mine located in Chile suffered a cave-in which left 33 workers trapped underground. With workers being trapped 300 meters below ground with limited food, water, and oxygen, nobody knew for sure how long they would survive. After four days of being trapped, there was still no idea if any of the miners were even alive. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowing Your Audience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Never before have so many workers survived being trapped underground for so long (Yang, 2010). Fortunately, in this case, tears turned to amazement as all 33 miners were located and rescued without any lives lost. Nobody really ever expects to encounter a situation like this until it happens. What does the employer tell the families of those who are trapped in the mine? What does the employer tell its employees? These are questions that many people do not prepare themselves for. These types of communications must be handled delicately and with the audience in mind. What are some considerations to remember given the different roles and people in the audience? This paper will discuss some of the potential needs of the families of the miners in receiving a message about this incident. It will also discuss the potential needs of the company’s employees when receiving a message about this incident. Finally, this paper will talk about what actions a person must take before and after the message is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended. As mentioned earlier, there are some considerations a person has to remember when communicating with the families of the victims and employees in this matter because of the different roles and people in the audience. If the audience is not taken into consideration when conveying a message, the communication could be lost, misunderstood, or incomplete. This could leave the audience misinformed and angry. When communicating with the families, there should be a sense of empathy and sympathy directed toward them. Communication to the families should be prompt so that they do not have to hear about what happened to their loved ones on the news. The families of the victims would probably like to know how this could have happened and what is being done to get them out. The families don’t know as much about mining as the employees do so they would probably like an explanation of what went wrong. These types of situations are tough because the company wants to keep the families informed, but sometimes the sender knows as much about the incident as the families do. Communicating to the employees about the incident would be a little different. People that work in the mining field know about the dangers of cave-ins already. So there would be no need to go into detail about the incident. The communication should reiterate the importance of safety on-the-job. The communication should also let the employees know that everything possible is being done to rescue the trapped workers. Keeping in mind that the employees could have friends who are trapped, the communication should also mention to employees that if they are not in the â€Å"right state of mind† to work, they should take time off for their own safety. Before a message of any kind is delivered to the audience it should be proofread and double-checked for grammatical errors and misspelled words. The sender should also find out if there are going to be any language barriers when communicating with the audience. If the method of communication is a phone call, it is a good idea to have a prewritten script to read off of to ensure that the communication is clear and concise. At the end of the message, the sender should ask the audience if they have any questions regarding the message or the situation. This will make sure that the message was delivered clearly and accurately. Depending on the circumstances, a follow-up communication may be made necessary to keep the families and employees up-to-date on the situation. Conclusion All communications must be designed with the audience in mind. The communication will vary, depending on the circumstances and needs of the audience. If the needs of the audience are not considered before conveying a message, there is a good chance the communication could be incomplete, inaccurate, or unsuitable for the audience. In a situation like what occurred in the Chilean mine collapse, extra care needs to be taken when reaching out to the families of the victims. References Weik, J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after chilean mine collapse. Manuscript submitted for publication, Library, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. om/ehost/detail? sid=84e3b3de-0140- Yang, J. (2010). From collapse to rescue: inside the chile mine. The Star, Retrieved from http://www. thestar. com/news/world/chile/article/873382 Communication 1 (Phone call to families of trapped miners) This is Mike Miller, operations supervisor at San Jose mine. One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leavi ng 33 of our employees, including your husband, trapped underground for the time being. We have no information as to their physical condition or how long it will be before we can reach them. We have everyone possible working on the situation and we are hoping to have them out very soon. I just want to let you know that my prayers are with your family. If you have any questions at all don’t hesitate to call. As soon as we hear anything you will be the first to know. Communication 2 (Memo to employees) To: San Jose Mine Employees One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees trapped underground. We are currently working on the situation and are doing everything we can to reach them. This situation should remind us how careful we need to be when we are working in the mines. As soon as we have any information on the situation we will let you know. Human Resources How to cite Knowing Your Audience, Papers

Challenges Faced by Trade Unions free essay sample

â€Å"Black labour unions in south Africa are of great value to policy makers who recognize that the industrial work force has often served as a catalyst for political progress and social change in the developing world. It was not uncommon for leaders of the independence movements to have come out of the ranks of organized labor, the trade unions were training grounds and early vehicles of political expression as they were often the only form of organized activity permitted by the colonial authorities. . (Freeman Bendahmane 1978, p. 1) INTRODUCTION The South African history is one that has had a dramatic influence on all its citizens, socially, politically and economically. The difficulties faced by south Africans during oppression and the apartheid era have made south Africans the way they are today in terms of knowing their rights and how to fight for such rights. There were massive political movements that were formed by activists who wanted to fight for the rights of all black workers within the labor market. The trade unions played an important role towards the development of new legislation laws that favored not only the white population but also the blacks Indians and colored’s . The South African economy was weakened by punishment, and sheltered by the apartheid governments protectionist policies. This has created certain challenges for organized labour. On one hand, the South African trade union movement maintained a significant following and organizational continuity in recent years combined with union decline, and enjoys an unique degree of political influence on account of its alliance with the ruling African National Congress (ANC). On the other hand, it has had to battle with a decreasing combination of possible employers as a result of increasing retrenchments and restructuring, particularly in fundamental areas of the economy such as the metal and mining industries. he challenge is to retain the integrity of a union voice whilst continuing to compromise where necessary with both state and capital. A: Unions/labour legislation. Apart from crime and the issue of education and training, in my view the single most important immediate reason for increasing unemployment is the set of interlocking labour laws that have been introduced in recent years, together with the militant behaviour of the trade unions. Because of the Labour Relations Act, The Basic Conditions of Employment Act, and the Employment Equity Act, employers cannot employ the best person for the job without potential interference of a government officials, and – most importantly – cannot get rid of people who are not turning up for work, are performing badly, are stealing, or are undermining the functioning of the organisation in other ways, without a costly, time consuming, and very aggravating process often involving labour lawyers, labour courts, and arbitration. The Minister of Labour claims that such interference in the employment process and the resulting `labour market inflexibility’ has not been proved to be a significant factor in increasing unemployment. I can only assume he has not adequately talked to the people who create employment, and in particular those who have decided not to do so in view of the onerous burdens placed on anyone wishing to create employment – and is for example ignoring the fact that the Government itself has asked to be exempted from the provisions of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (see Business Report, Friday May 5th, 2000) because of the way they inhibit getting the job done. The phrase `labour market inflexibility’ does not begin to describe the aggravation of being treated as a criminal by a labour lawyer when one has not fulfilled the law to the letter, in the case of an employee who is drunk on the job and should face immediate dismissal for dereliction of duty . The entrepreneur trying to run a profitable business can find himself or herself spending many days and indeed in some cases months involved with labour courts and arguing the toss with people who simply do not do the work for which they are paid; apart from the aggravation and effort involved, this causes major loss of valuable time, preventing one from getting on with the real job at hand. The outcome is inevitable: a choice to replace labour by mechanisation wherever possible. There is an iron-clad law involved: the more difficult it is to dismiss someone who is not doing the work they are paid to do, the less likely one is to employ anyone at all if there is any alternative route open. For example, a local entrepreneur was setting up a company to manufacture paper plates, and had the choice of employing 20 people in a low-tech but satisfactory approach, or investing R1. 25m on a high-tech machine from Taiwan that would carry out the task, in this case employing only two people. In view of the above factors, he chose the latter route. Why then have these laws been introduced? A likely suggestion is that the Department of Labour is dominated by ex-trade unionists who have never created a job in their lives and so have not had to face the risks entrepreneurs take in so doing, but now largely control the shape of these labour laws. Now there certainly is a need for laws to protect workers from major exploitation, but the laws we now have in place are not those laws. They would be very suitable for a rich country like Switzerland or Sweden with a highly trained, disciplined, and highly motivated labour force – but that is precisely what we do not have, in the main. The essence of the current situation is that under pressure from the trade unions, the Government, through the Department of Labour, is providing an ever more privileged situation for the employed, at the expense of the unemployed. The Trade Unions themselves are acting strongly for the benefit of their own members alone, who are the labour aristocracy precisely because they are employed. The union’s professed concern for the unemployed rings very hollow when one understands the impact of the laws they have been instrumental in shaping it is the unemployed who bear the major cost of these laws, through the diminished possibility of their obtaining employment . Last year the Trade Unions engaged in `rolling mass action’ involving a series of strikes and public demonstrations to protest unemployment – while at the same time lobbying for even more onerous conditions to be put in place to block the dismissal of unproductive employees. This activity is truly ironic – apart from the immediate effects of such strikes, inevitably leading to job losses due to lost . The government is aware that something needs to be done to break the stranglehold of these labour laws on entrepreneurial enterprises, but has not showed the resolution needed to get it done. Until they do, it is a safe bet that unemployment will continue to increase . The recently proposed changes to labour law make a marginal improvement in some areas, but these are balanced by negatives in other areas – they certainly are not the clear hange that could turn unemployment issue around. The situation is clearly stated in a quote from the Malamulela Social Movement for the Unemployed: â€Å"We know from experience in trying to find jobs for the unemployed that the sector most likely to offer employment to the poor and unskilled, small and medium enterprises, is constrained by that sector’s struggling efforts to comply with our current l abour legislation. We have for long suggested that the best way to remedy this is by allowing workers and employers in that sector to enter into voluntary agreements that are exempted from the onerous provisions of the labour legislation, and that take the interests of the worker and the small enterprise into account† (P C Mashego, Business Day 2001-02-21, page 14). This view is supported by a highly pertinent quote from an employer in response to the presently announced changes: â€Å"My husband and I started our business 10 years ago and today employ about 80 people. We were full of enthusiasm and employed only unemployed people where possible, training them on the job. Sure they may have started on a low salary but if they were hard working and willing they were soon rewarded. If not, they were out. Today I hate coming to work. All we want to do is sell our business and start something that does not require labour. We fall under a bargaining council so wages, increases, hours, etc. are dictated to us and are non-negotiable. I spend much time on disciplinary action paperwork and stressing to managers that paperwork must be done. †¦ Staff generally are aware of all their rights, but have no concept of the word obligation. They are convinced ?

Roseanne Becomes A Role Model Essays - Television, Series, Roseanne

Roseanne Becomes A Role Model Roseanne Becomes A Role Model It's eight o'clock in the evening, I have settled down on the couch to watch some primetime television. As I flip through the channels I realize how superficial and unrealistic the actresses truly are. I also began to notice one common thread between all of the women portrayed on television; most look like they just got done with a photo shoot for Cosmopolitan or Playboy. The men portrayed seem to be a little more realistic and down to earth. This brought out a startling realization that men can be just the guys next door; while women need to be drop dead gorgeous. The ?Roseanne? sitcom is the only show that I can think of that didn't fit these generalizations. When looking back at what I gained from watching ?Roseanne,? the television sitcom from the late eighties, I see a woman who wasn't afraid to tell the world, ?World, this is who I am. Deal with it!? I really feel Roseanne lived by this motto. She was over-weight boisterous, sometimes downright obnoxious person, but she always seemed to have her heart in the right place. She was a positive role model to many, encouraging many women to show off to society who they really are, giving us a sense of inner-beauty for a change. American women did not have to compete with her, only themselves. Nobody started over-eating to look like Roseanne (nor really wanted to), but she inspired many to believe that it is all right to be over-weight. In fact, Roseanne and people with weight management problems make up approximately sixty percent of the U.S. population; try finding that percentage of lead roles on television that are women. Only thin women land roles as television leads on sitcoms, and seeing an over-weight woman the star of a sitcom up until the eighties was just unheard of. Roseanne broke into the nineties with ratings higher than ever. She not only broke the social norm but also gained tremendous momentum for others to follow in her footsteps, the only problem no one has followed yet. As the series came to a grinding halt in 1995 (after a year of terrible script writing), it would have appeared to be a perfect time for series creators to follow Roseanne's traits and do a spin-off. Nobody followed and society is still waiting. An over-weight teen may be a simple answer for the role model we are expecting in sitcoms. Roseanne has proven it's all right to be an over-weight middle-aged woman, but girls in their teenage years need role models more than anyone else at any other age. Teens are the ones prone to eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia usually inspired by the way sitcoms portray their images at their age. American women of all ages need to take a stance on the images that are being portrayed on television. America needs more Roseanne's out there to come forward and tell the television writers and creators that American women represent the majority of the population, and they want to see more shows that they can relate to. Granted, television has made some headway with shows such as the ?Drew Carey Show.? This show depicts an over-weight star, Drew Carey, a balding, middle-aged man whom most would consider a loser. Although Drew is a man whom many males can relate to, male role models are less in need. The Drew Carey Show unfortunately depicts the usual role for an over-weight female character named ?Mimi.? She's downright mean and unlikable to many, stirring countless hours of laughter by insensitive males stemmed at her looks. The writers dress Mimi up in clothes that would be suitable for only a clown at a carnival, thus demising any attempt women have of seeing her as a true three-dimensional character. This has once diminished any small chance of over-weight women seeing the true Hollywood stardom Roseanne was able to attain simply by showing who she really was. Teenaged girls watch countless hours of sitcoms, MTV, and read plenty of magazines directed at ?how to present oneself as the norm in society.? If we in society can take a stance and try to make some headway

Character Analysis - Jake Sully in Avatar essays

Character Analysis - Jake Sully in Avatar essays After the RDAs unsuccessful attempt to occupy Pandora, Jake Sully and the Navi inhabitants forced the humans to go back to their planet. Jake makes his last entry log, explaining that he would permanently stay in his avatar. Returning to the Tree of Souls, the Navi allow him to undergo the body transfer, from his human body to his avatar body. With his eyes closed, Jake believes he is in his avatar body and the transfer was successful. When Jake opens his eyes, he is blinded by the bright lights facing him. He tries to move his arms, but they are constricted. He attempts to move his legs, but they are also held down by force. He regains his sight and discovers that he is no longer on Pandora with Neytiri. Jake is in a hospital, strapped down to the bed. Dazed and confused, he attempts to break free from the straps, until he sees Colonel Quaritch from his peripheral. Quaritch and Jake make eye contact and stare at each other for a long minute, until Quartich gives him a smirk. Jake is out of words and does not know what is going on. Quaritch debriefs Jake and tells him that he was cyrogenically frozen. While he was asleep, he was put on a virtual training program that tested Jakes loyalty and patriotism for his country, through the Avatar experience. Obviously, Jake had failed and dishonored his country. Not only did he organize a group that massacred many humans, but he aided a fellow Navi in the murder of the Colonel as well. Jake cannot fathom the fact of what had just happened. Quaritch then tells him that since the government has found out about Jakes dangerous and unstable mind, they have decided to give him death by lethal injection. Throughout this whole time, Jake does not say one word. All he thought about was all of his collective memories about Pandora. Two government bodies walk in, wearing white suits. One of them is carrying the lethal injection, and the other is there...

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY AND PRACTICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY AND PRACTICE - Essay Example The economic sector is keen on financial institutions and government; accounting is seen as an economic asset. Theoretically speaking, financial accounting and reporting is objective, neutral and political through the standard setting process is influenced by external factors with different interests. The activities in the economic sector affect directly the accounting practice of corporations. The standard setter regulator in accounting is either a government-controlled institutions or independent agencies. These two bring up the regulated and non-regulated theories (Marchetti, 2012). The unregulated approach states that the market and its mechanism determine the production and regulation according to its needs. The Agency Theory is introduced here, which is the relationship between principals and agents and helps with resolving problems that exist in the agency, these problems arise from inefficiencies and incomplete information. The unregulated approach, also known as free market approach contributes to positive accounting as it requires lower or higher standards to recognize losses or ga ins in contract markets. A regulated market, also known as the controlled market, is where the government controls the forces of supply and demand, which includes who is allowed to enter the market and what prices are charged (Mclaney, 2009 p. 56). According to Mclaney, E. (2009), free market economies have a freedom to innovate which allows the business owners to bring new ideas, new products, and new services. In the unregulated market, the customers make decisions on which products succeed or fail because they decide on which product to use and on what. The primary objective of a free market economy is to make a profit. The companies sacrifice worker safety, when a free market economy gets out of control, the consequences can be damaging. This includes; lost income, unemployment, and homelessness. Many of these failures come from those with short-term

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example It should always be borne in mind that the above-mentioned factors are subject to change and uncertainty and likewise Hengist House is not immune to change hence the need to have up-to-date information about their business environment if they are serious about its development. Whilst Brenda and Phillip may want to believe that their business is flourishing by virtue of a large number of visitors they get each year, a close analysis of their business shows that it is operating below capacity to a certain extent. As a result of underutilization of other vast facilities, their property is not earning them the maximum capacity it should be considering that it used to be a successful farm as well as tourist attraction. Indeed, the place is endowed with the resources that can generate large amounts of revenue if properly utilized and carefully marketed. It seems there is no proper planning the reason why some of the facilities that can be used to generate income are being underutilized. For instance, there are winter bulbs that flowered under the trees each February and even into March but nothing much was ever done to them by way of feeding or other care but they are among the most attractive features at the place. With proper planning and marketing of the plac e, there is no need for applying for grants or loans to develop the area but it would generate its own revenue that can be in turn used to spruce up the image of the place. Their place looks as if it is neglected hence may not appeal to many people. Winter tourism has great potential for business and Brenda and Philip have the property endowed with all qualities necessary for the business to flourish like all other property owners but they had little planning to harness this kind of business. In the absence of proper marketing strategies in place, though the owners would like to believe that they are making handsome business, it can still be argued that they are not using their competitive advantage compared to other competitors in the area.

Modern Architectural World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 50

Modern Architectural World - Essay Example As the paper highlights since the reporter was a kid, he has been attracted to the concept of space and angles in architecture. Space because it gives you the idea that you are not living in an urban environment. He thinks this is the reason why, most condominiums and residential complexes in the city, aside from saving space are leaning towards vertical expansion - there is a need to as much as possible make it appear that they are away from the hassle and pester of the city life. Space on the other hand, gives the illusion of movement. The reporter becomes conscious of how several buildings at the present time, that tend to mimic the natural environment. In cities, what is meant by â€Å"comfort† is being able to move freely inside your homes and it is often depicted in many advertisements on estates. For example, his dream house should be designed in such a way that light enters every corner naturally, and that furniture are placed in strategic areas of the house that make sure that he can move without restraint. He also has this fascination with glasses, especially huge sliding glass doors and windows that invites natural light into the home. Equally important to me are angles. Angles tend to be more masculine and for me, it symbolizes discipline. However, the perspective it provides is bizarre in a sense that it may appear random but at the same time precise. In their dimension, intricacy, and prolonged existence, the foremost civilizations to build up in South Asia and China contest and in some respects exceed the earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt.

Steps to Project Completion

Steps to Project Completion Problem Definition: The current system needs to be analysed to determine why a new system is needed for the current system. The analysist needs to discover what is needed to be added and why it is needed, this needs to be done as the developer will be unable to produce the needed product without this information, or they might develop something that is incompatible with the current system or add features that simply shouldnt be there are not needed. The analyst needs to define specifically what is wrong and what needs to happen, to do this there are several methods: One on One interviews, Mass surveys and simple observation of the current systems. Feasibility Study: Once the analyst is confident that they have discovered the problems and found all they need to know, then they need to determine whether or not it is feasible to actually take action to develop the product or not. Average questions that are asked during this stage are questions about the Cost, the possible Budget, will there be enough Time, does the company have the necessary Skills to develop it, does the company have the necessary Hardware to develop the product, do they have the needed Software to run the product and how much it would cost, will there need to be Training to run the program once made and would it be Technically possible to create. Systems Investigation: Once the management has listened to any alternate solutions that might be provided by the System Analyst and have decided to either commission the new product to be developed, or to make changes to a pre-existing product/system. During this phase, a very detailed investigation will be carried out to understand the current system and the proposed new system. With the current system, the analyst and developers will need to know how staff/ customers interact with it, how other systems interact with the current system, what is good about the current system and what could cause problems with the current system. With the new system, the analyst and developers will need to know what the new system/product needs to be able to do, how it is going to do this, what people want from it and how it should be incorporated into the system. To do this, the analysist would perform Face-to-Face Interviews with potential users of the system to see what they would like, perform obs ervation how users use the current systems to try to create a way to seamlessly integrate the new product into the current system so the users can use it with efficiency. Systems Design:Once the project manager and the client have agreed upon the requirements (Requirements Specifications) is becomes the time to define the project for its last few stages before the project enters development. This phase is called the Design phase, during this phase the project is designed in detail to ensure that the product will meet the users requirements. This involves Project Planning, System Requirements Specifications, the Data Dictionary and the Testing Documentation. Project Planning: This is about handling staff associated with the production of the product: how many are involved, where and when they are needed for the project. It would also include information about what resources they might need: computers, office spaces, soldering kits etc. it would also include the planning tools, which are used in this section such as Gantt Charts, Critical Path Analysis (CPA) and any Project Management Software. System Requirement Specification: This document will contain information such as the capture methods used to gather data for the system, any of the inputted data that goes into the system, any data that is outputted from the system, how the data is processed through the system. In addition, a record of the file structure for the data storage, how the UI (User Interface) is designed, how it interacts with the OS (Operating System) being used and the hardware that is going to be used on the new system. Data Dictionary: This defines Tables, fields, records and relationships, along with the constants, variables and data structures. As well as any validation that is required in the system along with any query structures. Testing Documentation: From the gathered information from the analysts, the developers will know what is expected of the final product; from this, they will be able to develop a Test Plan for the key parts of the product once developed, and more tests can apply later. Requirements Analysis and Specification: In this section, the developers would need to know all of the requirements that is needed in the final product and why. This includes what the final project should be what it should do, how it should do it and a business case stating whether it could be done on a budget with details stating how much it should cost. It also includes whether or not it is recommended to pursue this course of action or if it would be more beneficial to follow another course of action. System Development Testing: During this stage, the main development of the product takes place using the previously acquired information to correctly design the product. Normally, if possible, the project would be separated amongst several people or teams of people to allow for them to each work on parts of the project individually to help speed up the development. Once a functional version of the product is ready, the developers will run the product through a series of tests that have been made in the prior test plan document. By using this Test Plan, the development team can learn what works, what does not and what might need to be done to improve, refine or fix any issues that could be causing problems. System Implementation: This is when the product is implemented into the main system; to do this the developers will have previously designed to work with the main system. This is also when the product is put out for sale and is distributed to the client and other potential buyers or clients. System Maintenance: This continues for the lifetime of the product, any Technical Documentation that has been created previously including anything like the Test Log, Data Dictionary and the Project Planning for technicians to perform maintenance as needed. This will allow technicians to see what components of the product do what and use this to help solve any issues that might arise. Review Evaluation: Once everything is complete the Project manager will review how well the overall development of the product, see where things might have gone wrong or see what was handled better than other parts. From this review they will be able to see how well certain parts of the process and know what needs to be improved.

UPS Strike Essay -- essays research papers fc

UPS Strike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In early August of 1997 the United Parcel Service (UPS) had a predicament on its hands, a teamsters strike. UPS, the world’s largest package distribution company was coming off a year [1996] in which they reported sales of $22.4 billion. UPS Employed 75,000 management and non-union employees compared with 185,000 teamsters who are part of the AFL-CIO that were going on strike. The teamsters rejected a contract extension offer from the company leaving the fate of millions of packages carrying everything from lobsters to laser printers up in the air (Johnson). Tensions between union supporters and management began mounting in the years preceding the strike. In April of 1994, the International Union led a three-week strike against major tracking companies in the freight hauling industry in attempts to stop management from creating $9 per hour part-time positions. This would only foreshadow battles to come between management and union. Later, in 1995, teamsters mounted an unprecedented national union campaign in attempts to defeat the labor-management â€Å"cooperation† scheme that UPS management tried to establish in order to weaken the union before contract talks (Witt, Wilson). This strike was distinguished from other strikes of recent years in that it was an offensive strike, not a defensive one. It was a struggle in which the union was prepared, fought over issues which it defined, and one which relied overwhelmingly on the efforts of the members themselves (http://www.igc.org/dbacon/Strikes/07ups.htm). The teamsters campaign at UPS was unique in that there were many special circumstances surrounding it. UPS controlled 80% of the ground package delivery business, which ensured them that a strike would have a significant impact on the economy and pressure the company to settle. The company was not a conglomerate that could withstand the walkout since it did not have other lines of business. Also, UPS delivers to every address in the U.S., adding a hometown story in most cities and towns. The last circumstance was the fight was taking place during August when Congress is out of session, making it easier to gain national attention (Witt, Wilson). This strike was a battle over several issues. One factor that escalated the strike intensity was the pensions battle. Billons of dollars in pensions were on the line. The Teamste... ...bsp;Full-time workers receive just 3 percent raises, one percentage point above the current low rate of inflation Bibliography Baird, Charles W. (1997). The future of the Union Movement: Clues From the UPS Strike. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://libertyhaven.com Frank, Allan D. (1997) â€Å"After the UPS Settlement: Who gained, who lost, and what will the fallout be in the end?† CNNfn (August 19). Johnson (1997). â€Å"Bundles of Troubles: UPS workers decide to strike.† Intelligencer Journal (August 1). The UPS Strike. (2001, November, 1) [Online] Available http://www.igc.org/dbacon/Strikes/07ups.htm â€Å"The UPS strike puts a pinch on business.† (1997). Business News New Jersey (August 11). UPS Strike Affects the Movie Business. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://www.channel2000.com/news/stories/news-970805-191537.html UPS vs Teamsters: A look at greed and discontentment in the workforce. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://www.jeremiahproject.com/ups_strike.html Witt, Matt, and Rand Wilson (Spring 99). The Teamsters’ UPS Strike of 1997:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Building a New Labor Movement. Labor Studies Journal, Vo. 24 Issue 1. UPS Strike Essay -- essays research papers fc UPS Strike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In early August of 1997 the United Parcel Service (UPS) had a predicament on its hands, a teamsters strike. UPS, the world’s largest package distribution company was coming off a year [1996] in which they reported sales of $22.4 billion. UPS Employed 75,000 management and non-union employees compared with 185,000 teamsters who are part of the AFL-CIO that were going on strike. The teamsters rejected a contract extension offer from the company leaving the fate of millions of packages carrying everything from lobsters to laser printers up in the air (Johnson). Tensions between union supporters and management began mounting in the years preceding the strike. In April of 1994, the International Union led a three-week strike against major tracking companies in the freight hauling industry in attempts to stop management from creating $9 per hour part-time positions. This would only foreshadow battles to come between management and union. Later, in 1995, teamsters mounted an unprecedented national union campaign in attempts to defeat the labor-management â€Å"cooperation† scheme that UPS management tried to establish in order to weaken the union before contract talks (Witt, Wilson). This strike was distinguished from other strikes of recent years in that it was an offensive strike, not a defensive one. It was a struggle in which the union was prepared, fought over issues which it defined, and one which relied overwhelmingly on the efforts of the members themselves (http://www.igc.org/dbacon/Strikes/07ups.htm). The teamsters campaign at UPS was unique in that there were many special circumstances surrounding it. UPS controlled 80% of the ground package delivery business, which ensured them that a strike would have a significant impact on the economy and pressure the company to settle. The company was not a conglomerate that could withstand the walkout since it did not have other lines of business. Also, UPS delivers to every address in the U.S., adding a hometown story in most cities and towns. The last circumstance was the fight was taking place during August when Congress is out of session, making it easier to gain national attention (Witt, Wilson). This strike was a battle over several issues. One factor that escalated the strike intensity was the pensions battle. Billons of dollars in pensions were on the line. The Teamste... ...bsp;Full-time workers receive just 3 percent raises, one percentage point above the current low rate of inflation Bibliography Baird, Charles W. (1997). The future of the Union Movement: Clues From the UPS Strike. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://libertyhaven.com Frank, Allan D. (1997) â€Å"After the UPS Settlement: Who gained, who lost, and what will the fallout be in the end?† CNNfn (August 19). Johnson (1997). â€Å"Bundles of Troubles: UPS workers decide to strike.† Intelligencer Journal (August 1). The UPS Strike. (2001, November, 1) [Online] Available http://www.igc.org/dbacon/Strikes/07ups.htm â€Å"The UPS strike puts a pinch on business.† (1997). Business News New Jersey (August 11). UPS Strike Affects the Movie Business. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://www.channel2000.com/news/stories/news-970805-191537.html UPS vs Teamsters: A look at greed and discontentment in the workforce. (2001, November, 1). [Online] Available http://www.jeremiahproject.com/ups_strike.html Witt, Matt, and Rand Wilson (Spring 99). The Teamsters’ UPS Strike of 1997:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Building a New Labor Movement. Labor Studies Journal, Vo. 24 Issue 1.

Syllabus for African Dance

Syllabus for African Dance MPADE-UE 1542. 002 Spring 2013 Contact hours: Wednesday, 1:30-3:30pm, studio 304 Education building Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions, Program in Dance Education New York University Instructor: Alfdaniels Mabingo Phone: 917-679-8119 E-mail: Consultation: By appointment —————————————– A survey course in East African dance with accompanying songs, music, and cultural contexts in which these dances originate. The course specifically offers knowledge and performance skills of traditional dance forms East Africa and methods for teaching these dances.It offers critical analysis of how these dances interact with cultural, social, occupational, and religious aspects that contribute to creating them. Besides critical understanding and performance of these dances, the course equips students with skills to perform the music that accompanies them. Learni ng outcomes 1. Students will demonstrate proficiency in performing ethnic dances from selected cultures in East Africa. 2. Students will learn and perform vocal and instrumental music that accompanies ethnic dances from cultures in Uganda. 3.Students will demonstrate techniques and methods of teaching ethnic dances from Ugandan cultures. 4. Students will acquire fundamental knowledge into critical analysis of how dances in East Africa interact with cultural aspects that participate in creating them. 5. Students will learn various techniques that are related to performance of various ethnic dances from cultures in Uganda. Students are expected to: a. Finish and present the assignments within the stipulated time. b. Actively participate in practical sessions and class discussion. Focus of selected readings and visual recordings ) Understanding the author’s message and use it as a point of departure for supplementary inquiries b) Establishing connections between the readings and visual recordings and the student’s class/practical experience c) Inspire students to learn the various dances Other important readings Adinku, W. O. (1995). African Dance Education in Ghana, Ghana, Accra: Universities Press. Aduonum, M. (2011). West African Dance in the United States University Curriculum, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Nannyonga-Tamusuza, S. (2005. Baakisimba: Gender in Music and Dance of the Baganda People of Uganda.London and New York: Routledge. Tieron, A. (1992). Doople: Eternal Law of African Dance – Choreography & Dance Studies, New York: Routledge * * Welsh, A. K. (1996). African Dance: An Artistic, Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. Welsh, A. K. (2003). Umfundalai: An African Dance Technique, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press Policies: * Assignment Formats: All assignments must be typewritten with at least a normal 12 pt font and double-spaced. Use a header and page numbers. Please hand in hard copies of as signments without folders.Do not email them; Emailed copies will not be accepted. * Attendance: You are expected to attend every session of the course. One excused absence is permitted with a doctor’s note or other acceptable evidence. If you are going to be absent please send an email to the instructor. Additional absences will decrease the cumulative grade by one letter grade increment. An unexcused absence will decrease the cumulative grade by one letter grade increment. Please make arrangements with a peer to collect course materials for you and contact the peer after the session for updates on the session activities and assignments. Late arrivals/Early departures: Being on time and staying throughout the duration of the course is to be expected. Three late arrivals, three early departures, or any three combinations of late arrivals and/or early departures to/from class will equate to an absence. A late arrival or early departure of more than 15 minutes will be counted as an absence. * Late Assignments: Late assignments are reduced in letter grade increment. Assignments may be handed in up to one week late. Late assignments may not receive significant feedback.Any assignments that are not complete at this time (one week late) will not receive a grade and will negatively affect your cumulative course grade. * Assignments Class attendance and participation20% Midterm paper25% Midterm performance25% Final performance30% Note: See the rubric for details about the requirements for each area of assignment * Grading: Letter Grade| Number Grade| Legend| A| 94-100| Exceptional| A-| 90-93| Excellent| B+| 87-89| Extremely Good| B| 84-86| Very Good| B-| 80-83| Good| C+| 77-79| Satisfactory| C| 74-76| Satisfactory| C-| 70-73| Nearing Satisfactory| D+| 67-69| Minimum Passing Grade|D| 65-66| Minimum Passing Grade| F| 0-64| Failure| * Incomplete Grading: Incomplete grades are not a grading option. Under exceptional circumstances, such as those with a serious illnes s or other emergency, and at the discretion of the course instructor, an incomplete grade may be granted, based on the student's performance throughout the course of the semester. * E-mail Communication with Instructor(s): Please keep your e-mails as succinct as possible. If you predict you will need to write more than one paragraph, it is an indication that you probably need to schedule a meeting rather than writing an e-mail. Special Accommodations: Any student attending NYU who needs an accommodation due to a chronic, psychological, visual, mobility and/or learning disability, or is Deaf or Hard of Hearing should register with the Moses Center for Students with Disabilities located at 726 Broadway, phone: 212. 998. 4980, or website address: www. nyu. edu/csd. * Please refrain from all cell phone use during class. * Please clean up after any food or drink. * Dress appropriately for the classes * Academic Integrity: Please be familiar with NYU Steinhardt policies: http://steinhardt . nyu. edu/policies/academic_integrity.

Tinnitus Management Therapy

Goebel, Gerhard; Rief, Winfried; Wise, Karen. 1998. Meeting the expectations of chronic tinnitus patients: Comparison of a structured group therapy program for tinnitus management with a problem solving group. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 44 (6). 681-685 A therapy called tinnitus management therapy or TMT was developed using ideas of cognitive-behavioral therapy for two different groups. One-hundred fourty-four patients suffering form tinnitus aged 19-74 years were treated with this TMT compared with a normal kind of problem solving group therapy. The patients self-rated themselves on how helpful each treatment was in dealing with life problems as well as how seriously they thought that were being treated and taken seriously. These self-ratings helped professionals find that the TMT therapy worked better for these patients in coping with all the aspects of tinnitus. Anderson, Gerhard. 1997. Prior treatments in a group of tinnitus sufferers seeking treatment. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 66 (2). 107-110. Four groups were obtained from sixty-nine tinnitus sufferers aged 22-76 years to try and describe the distress they go through based on if they have had treatment or not. The four groups were: not treatment (24 people), acupuncture (19 people), relaxation (13 people), other treatments. (13 people). These people were asked to rate helplessness, capacity for rest, acceptability of change, emotional effects, hearing and ability to ignore using the Tinnitus Effect Questionaire. The only major difference that was found was that the untreated group had more acceptability for change. Hegel, Mark T; Martin, John B. 1998. Behavioral treatment of pulsative tinnitus and headache following traumatic head injuries: Objective polygraphic assessment of change. Behavior Modification. 22 (4). Pg. 563-573 This study was done on a 37 year old male that had a traumatic head injury. He was evaluated and put through behavioral treatment that included a polygraphic assessment of vasomotor function among other things. Lifestyle modifications and behavioral modifications helped in both functioning and figuring out the underlying physiology that relates to tinnitus. Anderson, Gerhard; Larsen, Hans-Christian. 1997. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of tinnitus in otosclerosis : A case report. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 25. 79-82 A male patient aged 52 years with an ear disease (otosclerosis) had symptoms that included tinnitus which caused him obvious physiological distress. The doctors found that the tinnitus that he had was stress-induced and had experienced attacks which seemed horribly unbearable. He was given ten sessions of a cognitive-behavioral therapy program and was tested before and after to find results. These results showed that the attacks became less frequent, easier to handle, and decreased annoyance, which in turn helped him cope better. Erlandsson, Soly I. 1998. Psychological counseling in a medical setting-some clinical examples given by patients with tinnitus and Meneire's disease. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling. 20 (4). 265-276. Counseling patients with Meniere's disease showed that a defensive response to tinnitus or Meniere's disease caused a state of dysfunction and that their psychological adaption was hindered. Some of the patients found it difficult to even talk about the first attack that they experienced of the tinnitus and Meniere's disease. The counselors concluded that the reason these people are trying to find help is because they are afraid of suffering a mental breakdown. They don't think it has much to do with the physical disease, so specialists need to come at it from a psychological perspective.

Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter And Hawthorne

The theme of the story is sin because Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth all have some sort of sin. Good and evil battle within each character and battle between the characters. Each character has some good in them, but sin makes each one evil. The scarlet letter is an outward symbol of shame, but instead it becomes a powerful symbol of identity to Hester. The letter’s meaning changes in the story. Originally intended to mark Hester as an adulterer, the â€Å"A† eventually comes to stand for â€Å"Able.† At the end of the novel, Hester continues to wear the â€Å"A† even as she counsels other people with their problems. Leech was another name for a physician during that era. The word has two meanings in the story. Roger Chillingworth was the physician and â€Å"leech†. Chillingworth also was like the animal, leech, because he was sucking the life out of Arthur Dimmesdale. Chillingworth latched on to him, lived with him, and gave him stra nge medicines that made from herbs. The color red is used many times by Hawthorne. The reader sees it in the rose bush by the prison, in the scarlet letter worn by Hester, in Pearl’s clothing, in Chillingworth’s eyes, and in the streak of the meteor. Red means passion. It is a bright color that marks things and draws people’s attention to the object or person. Black represents gloom, death, and evil. The reader especially sees this in the frequent use of the term â€Å"Black Man† that means the devil. First, the brook has a melancholy sound to it, which describes the tone of the novel. The Scarlet Letter is not a happy story. Second, the brook separates reality from fantasy. It separates the reality that Hester and Dimmesdale can never be together from the fantasy that they want to be together. Lastly, the brook is water that cleanses. When Dimmesdale kisses Pearl, she goes to wash off the kiss. It is like she is washing off Dimmesdaleâ€℠¢s sin. Hester was forced to publicly f... Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter And Hawthorne Free Essays on The Scarlet Letter And Hawthorne The theme of the story is sin because Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth all have some sort of sin. Good and evil battle within each character and battle between the characters. Each character has some good in them, but sin makes each one evil. The scarlet letter is an outward symbol of shame, but instead it becomes a powerful symbol of identity to Hester. The letter’s meaning changes in the story. Originally intended to mark Hester as an adulterer, the â€Å"A† eventually comes to stand for â€Å"Able.† At the end of the novel, Hester continues to wear the â€Å"A† even as she counsels other people with their problems. Leech was another name for a physician during that era. The word has two meanings in the story. Roger Chillingworth was the physician and â€Å"leech†. Chillingworth also was like the animal, leech, because he was sucking the life out of Arthur Dimmesdale. Chillingworth latched on to him, lived with him, and gave him stra nge medicines that made from herbs. The color red is used many times by Hawthorne. The reader sees it in the rose bush by the prison, in the scarlet letter worn by Hester, in Pearl’s clothing, in Chillingworth’s eyes, and in the streak of the meteor. Red means passion. It is a bright color that marks things and draws people’s attention to the object or person. Black represents gloom, death, and evil. The reader especially sees this in the frequent use of the term â€Å"Black Man† that means the devil. First, the brook has a melancholy sound to it, which describes the tone of the novel. The Scarlet Letter is not a happy story. Second, the brook separates reality from fantasy. It separates the reality that Hester and Dimmesdale can never be together from the fantasy that they want to be together. Lastly, the brook is water that cleanses. When Dimmesdale kisses Pearl, she goes to wash off the kiss. It is like she is washing off Dimmesdaleâ€℠¢s sin. Hester was forced to publicly f...

Cultural diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cultural diversity - Essay Example the cultures of other ethnic groups who on the other hand believe that illness is as a result of supernatural phenomena attributing the cure to be prayers and other supernatural interventions. The interviewee discussed the different cultural health beliefs and traditions held by different ethnic group in the US that impact on healthcare providence. He discussed the traditions held by Asian islanders about the importance of their extended families and the views of the oldest male in the family are highly regarded. They however believe in harmony and this leads them to agreeing to follow recommendations from health care providers not because they believe in it but simply to avoid disagreements. The interviewee also talked about cultures of the Russian immigrants in the US, who view the US healthcare with a level of distrust since they view the relationship with medical practitioners as being authoritarian, therefore finding it difficult to openly discuss medical concerns with them. He talked about the Hispanics also, who he said that they hold a great respect for older members of the family and have to consult them on matters that concern illness and health. Other Hispanics as revealed by the interviewee view illness as punishment from God and prefer using home remedies for treatment. He also talked about African- Americans whose culture consider the importance of church and family, holding kinship ties with aunts, cousins, grandparents, uncles and even people who may not have a biological relationship to them bit have a role in their family systems. They usually consult a key family member before making decisions related to health. The interviewee also talked about the cu ltural beliefs and traditions of Native Americans who place the values of health to spiritual beliefs and family. They believe that harmony with nature lead to good health, and illness as being as a result of imbalance between supernatural forces and the person. The interviewee expressed his

Selling smarter with CRM by Dawson Chris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Selling smarter with CRM by Dawson Chris - Essay Example It operates in a cycle that includes organizational management, sales and marketing teams, product generation departments and the customers. Organizations apply customer relationship management towards different benefits. One of such benefits is the establishment of a strong relationship between an organization and its customers through developing an understanding of the customers’ needs towards meeting the needs. Other benefits include managements of sales processes, improvement of sales strategies and evaluation of fundamental data including social data that affects an organization (Dawson, p. 3- 5). Achieving these benefits does not however require extensive investment of resources and efforts. This is because of existence of cheaper and efficient approaches such as Google enabled applications and social networks for reaching and interacting with customers and potential customers. Such approaches can further be cheaply implemented by using an organization’s interns t hat are another source of cheap resources. This is because of the changing environment in which everything is social, and a social approach to customer relationship management through Google based applications and social network that promises higher level of effectiveness. A number of computer-based applications exist for such CRM initiatives towards better management of product development and sales initiatives (Dawson, p. 6- 10). Achieving these benefits does not however require extensive investment of resources.